Why Did the Slave Trade Come to an End free essay sample

For what reason did the slave exchange reach a conclusion? In this article I will expound on why the slave exchange reached a conclusion? The Atlantic slave exchange built up the sixteenth century. By the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years, general society had come to detest the exchange and required its annulment. Since in the northern territory of America believed that it wasn't right for the individuals of color to be their slave so the northern state and the southern state had a war and the northern state had won the war which was known as the Civil War all together for the subjection to end. This was the American common war.This delighted in the liberating Of all slaves in the southern States. Likewise the administration of England in that time where slave proprietors consequently hesitant to surrender there slaves. The slave exchange itself finished in 1807 in British grounds and in 1808 in the US ( its in the Constitution); the US and Royal Navies spent a significant part of the following 60 years pursuing the slaves and made a beeline for Spanish states. We will compose a custom exposition test on For what reason Did the Slave Trade Come to an End? or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A man called William Wildflower who was a British government official annulled the slave exchange. William Wildflower emphatically battled against slave exchanging. Because of his exertion, the British parliament passed a law called the Anti-SlaveTrade Act on 25th, March 1807. By this demonstration slave exchanging was made unlawful in both Britain and the whole British Empire. Be that as it may, slave exchange proceeded with different territories. Resolved to end slave exchange, Britain haggled for a concurrence with Portugal, Spain and France. After this demonstration individuals were feeling remorseful for what they have done and understood that it was not reasonable. At the point when the slave exchange reached a conclusion in the South of America numerous individuals were as yet bigot to individuals of color and still didnt give them the same number of rights as the white individuals had. In the South of US about everything was isolated among shaded and white individuals.

Coming to Terms free essay sample

Her contention depended completely on drive-thru eateries embracing thoughts from high end cafés . Falk embeds her very own exorbitant measure sentiments on the theme and doesn’t break down the subject just as she ought to have. She centers essentially around the cheap food business while ailing in her investigation of high end food. She additionally ought to have made the paper progressively about what caused the adjustments in the café business rather than the progressions themselves. In the exposition Falk has numerous instances of nourishments and cafés that have changed and got saw for their cutting edge style, for example, Panera Bread and Chipotle. She bids to a huge crowd by including models numerous individuals can relate as well. Then again, her article is very one-sided in various manners. She makes such a large number of speculations that may not especially be valid at times. For instance she states, â€Å" the way that individuals today prefer not to settle on decisions, wanting to have the best of the two universes † (Falk,33). We will compose a custom paper test on Settling or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This may not be actually valid for everybody. She utilizes the past statement to help her contention in saying that since individuals are so ambivalent fast easygoing would be a decent other option. Another example is the point at which she states, â€Å"There are fundamentally more calories at table assistance restaurants† (Falk, 35). The earlier statement gives her inclination towards eat in eateries since she just uses negative instances of high end food. Moreover, her paper is exceptionally limited. She points her article towards grown-ups and understudies with her utilization of language and instances of specific cafés; But a great deal of her composing makes you suspect something. The center of her paper is expressing that brisk easygoing is the new choice to fine and cheap food feasting. In spite of the fact that she never contemplates the thoughts of being a veggie lover or that understudies have eating corridors or even the way that not all individuals eat out. She had great contentions yet they didn't influence the individuals they were intended to influence. One of her primary contentious proclamations is at the finish of her paper when she says, â€Å"The nation is centered around issues with weight and poor dietary patterns .. until significant changes are made, food arranged at home will quite often be more advantageous than food destroyed from home† (Falk,36) . These sort of proclamations ought to have been increasingly unmistakable in the article, she just raises this kind of contention in the last section and no place else. By tying in the eating at home or the stoutness viewpoint more, she would have had a solid contention. As notice prior, on the off chance that she addressed all the angles conceivable that would have made her exposition increasingly significant Some of her most extraordinary centers were â€Å"Trend Mapping† and the â€Å"Trickle Down Theory†. Pattern mapping enables culinary specialists to anticipate which menu things will be well known later on. The stream down hypothesis enables fast easygoing eateries to improve their menu with all the more high end food dishes. These thoughts assist clients with settling on keen decisions. I was intrigued with her incorporation of these two advancements since they go directly alongside her subject and fit into the fundamental thought . Despite the fact that her exposition was inadequately organized at certain focuses, there were additionally some valid statements all through. I feel that her style was exceptionally laid back and decipherable in light of the fact that she utilized spots her intended interest group have been and can identify with, as models. Brenda Falk makes this article with the goal of portraying the numerous similitudes between the food business and that the in the middle of â€Å"quick casual† style is the most advantageous. She effectively portrays these similitudes and expounds on the new imaginative style yet never completely makes an authentic contention. In the event that she talked about additional on the subject of eating at home or the factor of cash or even acquired a few positives of top notch food, that could have made a more grounded contention. She has an incredible feeling of association and style however needs to concentrate more on her examination of the subject.

Bureaucracy in the Philippines - Book Review

Book Review The Bureaucracy in the Philippines Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz - Institute of Public Administration: University of the Philippines, 1957. 268 pp. This book is about the authoritative history of the organization in the Philippines. It ranges from the 1560’s when Spain embraced to manage the undertakings of the locals of the archipelago to the 1950’s when the Filipinos accepted the accountability of self-government.The creator introduced the huge stages in the advancement of our authoritative mechanical assembly to recognize the significant qualities of the present structure and elements of the common assistance of the Philippine government. In Chapter 1, Dr. Corpuz depicted the local existence of the occupants before the appearance of the Spaniards. These occupants were not aliens to advance and progress. In spite of the fact that the pre-Spanish Filipinos were in a condition of social development, it was development at a low level.It was a phase of social deficiency dependent on an old and basic system. The creator quickly talked about the change of the Philippine organization from the time that we’re still a state of outside countries to the time that the Philippines turned into a free republic. The creator recreated, in Chapter 2, the setting where Spain’s pilgrim administration showed up around the center of the sixteenth century. The creator likewise portrayed how the Spanish provincial government â€Å"organized† the state in Filipinas.Also examined was the campaign headed by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 21 November 1564, how his tranquil discretion won the devotion of numerous subjects and the foundation of Manila as a city and Legazpi’s capital. Section 3 talked about the two ideas on how administration might be seen: (1) as an association or mechanical assembly; (2) as an assortment of individual administrators, setting more accentuation on the second idea of organization †the real factors of bureaucratic conduct. The part is given to an investigation of Spanish civil servants. The creator additionally talked about the accompanying: a. how administrators are delegated in Filipinas and in Spain †the procedures and measures engaged with acquiring the king’s favor; b. step by step instructions to secure/buy an office where numerous officials got their positions; c. nitty gritty conditions under which Spanish civil servants all in all lived and worked; and d. ow the regulatory association was unified in Manila for control and correspondences purposes. The following two sections are committed in featuring the basics of life and administration of the most elevated positioning administrators †the Presidente-Gobernador (Governor-General), the Oidores, Fiscales, and Reales Oficiales †who comprised the legislative organization in Manila. The creator, in Chapter 4, depicted the senator general of Filipinas which had the characteristics of a super-bureaucrat.Also examined, all in all, was the exhibition of the distinctive representative general selected in Filipinas and showed the contention between the pastorate and the governors and the precariousness of the governorship †which office was considered as an open door for private material benefit. Section 5 is devoted to the conversation of the Audiencia of Manila and its administrators and the Royal Officials. The Audiencia performed elements of a predominant legal council; the most elevated official courtroom in the colonies.The creator examined the conditions, limitations, the authoritative and legal capacities and the hierarchical changes of the workplace. Likewise examined are the capacities and states of the â€Å"Royal Official† (Reales Oficiales) or the oficial de la genuine hacienda who are the managers of the king’s individual home or the re gal hacienda. It ought to be recalled that the different territories/provinces in the Indias are considered as the king’s individual property or bequest. â€Å"As a ruler, he depended the legislature of his realms and regions to emissaries, governors-general, and Audiencias.As an owner, he endowed the organization of his home and incomes to the illustrious authorities. † The auxiliary deformities and authoritative shortcoming of the administration is achieved by the infiltration and debasement of the workplace of men who just considered the to be as a methods for private individual increase. In Chapter 6, the creator at that point talked about the conditions, limitations and all the capacities and obligations of the commonplace government and the commonplace officials/administrators generally known as alcade-city hall leader. The alcaldes are the commonplace proportionate/partner of the senator general of the archipelago.The creator additionally featured how the alcalde-city hall leader was likewise the appointed authority with commonplace wards and since these administrators have no foundation in the law and having shown up in the area with sketchy thought processes, it is in this manner said that the â€Å"principal vice† of region organization is the nonappearance of â€Å"true justice†. The creator underlined that commonplace organization has no course since the arrangement of grouping of capacities is in one man and this has disadvantageously rendered the civil servant wasteful. This wastefulness disregard or non-execution of obligations †handily transformed into oppression.The alcadeship advanced into an office of maltreatment since there were no checks to the alcalde’s abundances and fakes. He is the adjudicator †executive †military commandant of the territory †an activity against him is vain. Be that as it may, changes were embraced to improve the organization in the territories. In any case, these changes weren’t ready to tolerate organic product for the fundamental explanation that they were established past the point of no return. Examined additionally were the local officials and the arrangement of neighborhood government; the principalia which was a social and political nobility on the town level †the subtleties of its investment and the conditions under which it was really exercised.The creator likewise portrayed the certain impact or relative intensity of the church in common and political life, them being mor e â€Å"unified† than the gathering of the civil servants. In Chapter 7, the creator summed up the shortcomings of the Spanish frontier administration, crucial of which was the inner good debasement of its individuals exacerbated by the way that the Madrid government put its political confidence not in the organization yet in the congregation. Examined likewise as the purposeless endeavors to change the pioneer organization and the general structure of the focal organization and the budgetary acts of the focal government in Manila. Section 8 is a â€Å"discussion of the chief occasions and factors that formed the new time that comprised the premise whereupon the new political organization was built up, and that gave the setting to the new administration and the new civil servants. † The creator talked about Aguinaldo’s activity and the general highlights of the plan to arrange the town and commonplace governments.The new organizations under the Revolutionary Government were firmly designed after the former plan of the Spanish o rganization because of the absence of time for advancements, yet the neighborhood specialists and foundations were presently more famously based and independent. Talked about likewise was the chief highlights of the Malolos Constitution of 1899 which was an honorable work of constitutionalism, thinking about the troublesome states of the occasions and the inability of its creators. Perfect as it might appear, the primary endeavor to self-government was prematurely ended as the Philippines was indeed under a pilgrim system †presently in the hands of the Americans. As per the creator, the American control of the Philippines is commonly brought up as a significant stage in the advancement of current frontier strategy and provincial organization. During this time, there were expanded monetary exercises †in agribusiness, assembling and business †with the end goal that the province appreciated immensely improved ways of life and just because, the majority get an opportunity to escape from neediness. The creator additionally examined the developmental period, from 1900 to 1913, of the new bureaucracy.The creator distinguished the notable highlights of this progressed common help framework which is in extraordinary extent unique in relation to that of the old Spanish framework. In Chapter 9, the creator focussed on the period from 1913 to 1935 in which the common assistance kept on advancing and which was regarded by both American specialists and Filipino authorities and lawmakers. Be that as it may, the transformative advancement was unrem arkable. It was a consistent yet rather grim procedure, plain by fundamental auxiliary change or emotional advancement in the administration itself. During this period, the two places of the lawmaking bodies were under Filipino control.This period likewise denoted the start of Filipinization of the common assistance. In Chapter 10, the creator talked about how the Philippine Civil Service, from 1935 to 1955, went through brief yet fundamental transformative governments. First talked about was the foundation of the Philippine Commonwealth Government (November 15, 1935) which finished the steady exchange of government capacities to Filipinos. The Philippine Government was a 10-year transitional government †republican in structure, Filipino in staff and has independence in residential issues †to be supplanted by the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946.Further examined were the protected changes and periods of which the common assistance is likewise experiencing to be specific: First, the period of combination and further extension, going on until the Japanese intrusion; Second, the period of disengagement and unset tling covering the war and early after war years; and Third, the period of reproduction and modernization. The creator, in the last part, summed up the significant stages in the organization in the Philippines from the pre-Spanish period to the

Whole Exome Network Analysis Identifies CXCR5-CXCL13 Signaling as a Key Driver in Breast Cancer - Free Essay Example

I am delighted to submit the concept paper with the title â€Å"Whole Exome Network Analysis Identifies CXCR5-CXCL13 Signaling as a Key Driver in Breast Cancer† for consideration under the NIH Research Fellowship Program, Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Individual Predoctoral Fellowship. The primary aim of the Kirschstein-NRSA Individual Predoctoral Fellowship is to provide financial support for mentored research training, leading to a doctoral degree in the biomedical, behavioral, or clinical sciences. However, this fellowship program also strives to enhance the diversity of the scientific workforce in the United States by providing opportunities for academic institutions to identify and recruit students from diverse population groups. This fellowship program encourages diverse population groups to seek graduate degrees in health-related research. The long-term goal of the Kirschstein-NRSA Individual Predoctoral Fellowship program is to enhance the number of scientists from diverse population groups and prepare them for research careers in the biomedical, behavioral, and clinical sciences. I am a fourth-year graduate student at Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM), a historically Black College or University in the Atlanta University Center. The mission of MSM is to increase the health and well-being of individuals and communities with emphasis on people of color. This mission is primarily focused on underserved urban and rural populations in Georgia. MSM also seeks to increase the diversity of the health professional and scientific workforce. This mission shares a similar objective to that described in the mission of the Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA Individual Predoctoral fellowship. I am obtaining a Ph.D. in Biomedical Science and a Master’s degree in Clinical Research (MSCR). The PhD/MSCR program has provided me with a strong foundation in research design, methods, and analytic techniques. My ability to conceptualize and think through research problems has also been enhanced through my participation in this dual degree program. I have gained experience conducting re search as well as presented my research findings as first author. The PhD/MSCR program has afforded me the opportunity to interact with members of the scientific community at scientific meetings and workshops. Moreover, the dual degree program has provided me with a versatile skill which I can utilize in the next stage of my research career. Overall, I believe the Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA Individual Predoctoral fellowship will provide me with financial support that will take my graduate career to the next level. My dissertation committee consists of 3 experts in Oncology (James Lillard Jr. PhD, MBA, Shailesh Singh, PhD, and Sanjay Jain, MD), 1 expert in Toxicology (Danita Eatman), and 1 Biostatistician (Fengxia Yan, MD). Bioinformatics support will be provided by the bioinformatics core at Morehouse School of Medicine, The Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University. PURPOSE Breast cancer (BrCa) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in American women (American Cancer Society, 2018). Approximately, 1 in 8 (12%) women in the United States will develop invasive BrCa during her lifetime (American Cancer Society, 2018). In 2018, approximately 250,000 new cases of invasive BrCa will be diagnosed in women and of these women, approximately 40,500 will die from the disease, about 1 in 36 (3%) (American Cancer Society, 2018). More recently, incidence rates have been stable in Caucasian women, but have increased in African American women. This BrCa health disparity is most notably observed in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). TNBC is characterized by a lack of molecular markers; estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2). It accounts for 10-20% of all BrCas and is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis (Pierobon, 2013). TNBC incidence rates are higher in Caucasian women. However, the number of fatalities associated with TNBC is significantly higher in African American women, than compared to other ethnic groups. If no major changes in prevention or treatment occur, the number of lives lost to TNBC will continue to rise. More recently, rapid increases in early stage, BrCa incidence have been reported in pre-menopausal women less than 45 years of age. Additionally, many of these young, early stage breast cancer patients are of ethnic descent. The mechanisms responsible for early stage BrCa in young women of ethnic descent remains unknown. Furthermore, it remains controversial whether early breast cancer has unique tumor biology, which may be highly influenced by race. Despite new developments in early detection and treatments, approximately 5% of women diagnosed with BrCa in the United States will develop metastatic disease at the time of first presentation (EBCTCG, 2005). Additionally, another 30% of women with early-stage, non-metastatic BrCa at diagnosis, will develop distant metastatic disease that is not curable (EBCTCG, 2005). Additional predictive markers and new drug targets are needed to prolong survival and improve the quality of life for BrCa patients. It is essential to understand the mole cules and mechanisms responsible for the aggressive phenotype of breast cancer to develop new, more effective drug targets for the disease. Currently, there are no specific targeted therapies for TNBC due to the lack of ER, PR, and HER-2 markers. Current chemotherapy consists of a combination of drugs including paclitaxel (TAX), doxorubicin (DOX), and cyclophosphamide (CTX)]. TAX is a taxane, which disrupts microtubule function, inhibiting the process of cell division (Singh, 2014). It is more commonly prescribed than docetaxel, another member of the taxane family, due to its tolerable toxicity and is noted as first line therapy in metastatic disease (Erba, 2010). DOX is an anthracyclin, which inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating between base pairs of a DNA/RNA strand (El Haibi, 2011). In an effort to combat the acute toxicity associated with DOX, it is often prescribed in combination with TAX (Eralp, 2004). CTX is an alkylating agent, which adds alkyl groups to DNA, which in turn interferes with DNA replication by forming DNA crosslinks (Singh, 2014). It is conditionally prescribed in combination with TAX and DOX, based on disease progression. The ability of CTX to induce the death of certain T regulatory cells contributes to its efficacy. However, this combination therapy produces undesirable side effects. A response rate for a treatment regimen of TAX + DOX + CTX in TNBC patients is a mere 12% for a single agent and can widely vary, 27-65%, for use of multiple agents (Singh, 2014). Patients eventually relapse as a result of chemoresistance and metastasis, ultimately succumbing to this disease. This brings attention to the cells potentially responsible for drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment is composed of tumor cells as well as various types of stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Several types of inflammatory cells including neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes are recruited to breast tumors and play either a positive or negative role in cancer progression. The infiltration of inflammatory cells is regulated by a variety of biologically active molecules in the tumor microenvironment. Chemokines play a significant role in this process (Singh, 2011). Chemokines are 8-10 kilo Dalton (kD) chemotactic cytokines involved in cell trafficking events and normal homeostasis. They are grouped into 4 major subfamilies (C, CC, CXC, and CX3C) based on the pattern of the two NH2-terminal cysteine residues. The extended N-terminus functions to recognize, bind, and activate the receptor. BrCa cells express Chemokine Receptor 5 (CXCR5). Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) is the sole ligand for CXCR5, which plays a role in cancer progression (Singh, 2009; Singh, 2009; Singh 2011). Our laboratory was the first to show that CXR5-CXCL13 signaling mediates prostate cancer metastasis and progression i.e., growth, migration, and invasion, and survival (El Haibi, 2010-2012). We also demonstrated that CXCR5-CXCL13 signaling induces cancer progression signaling pathways: PI3K, AKT, ERK, and Jun (El Haibi, 2010-2011). However, the mechanisms, by which, CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling promotes breast cancer is unknown. Panse et al revealed CXCR5 and CXCL13 are overexpressed in BrCa tissue (Panse, 2008). This study also showed elevated serum levels of CXCL13 in BrCa patients with metastatic disease, then compared to controls and disease-free patients. Additionally, a recent study provided evidence that co-expression of CXCR5 and CXCL13 showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis and independently, CXCL13 had EMT-inducing potential (El Haibi, 2010). Taken together, these findings suggest the CXCR5-CXCL13 signaling axis contr ibutes to the aggressive phenotype of breast cancer (BrCa). The central research questions of this project focus on determining the mechanisms and molecules responsible for differences in tumor biology of young BrCa patients and how these mechanisms and molecules contribute to poor BrCa prognosis. The purpose of this study is to characterize the molecular phenotype of (BrCa) in the context of Chemokine Receptor 5 (CXCR5), Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13), and associated gene expression. This study is novel as uses a bioinformatic approach and gene enrichment analyses to identify the specific molecules and mechanisms responsible for the aggressive phenotype of BrCa, especially in young and early stage BrCa patients. These two unique populations account for a high proportion of BrCa cases and are also associated with unfavorable prognosis. The results from this study have the potential to benefit young and early stage BrCa patients as it will serve as a new predictive factor and therapeutic target for young and early stage BrCa patients. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide (American Cancer Society, 2018). Several targeted and adjuvant therapies exist for estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal receptor-2 (HER-2) positive breast cancers. Currently there are no targeted therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), which lacks the three main receptors used to characterize breast cancer subtypes; estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal receptor-2 (HER-2). Despite new developments in early detection and treatments, approximately 5% of women diagnosed with BrCa in the US will develop metastatic disease at the time of first presentation (EBCTCG, 2005). Additionally, another 30% of women with early-stage, non-metastatic BrCa at diagnosis will develop distant metastatic disease that is not curable (EBCTCG, 2005). Additional predictive markers and new drug targets are needed to prolong s urvival and improve the quality of life for BrCa patients. Panse et al revealed levels of CXCR5 and CXCL13 are elevated in serum and overexpressed by tumor tissue in metastatic BrCa patients. The long-term goal of this study is to further characterize the molecular phenotype of BrCa in the context of CXCR5, CXCL13, and associated gene expression. We hypothesize the CXCR5-CXCL13 signaling axis contributes to the aggressive phenotype of BrCa. A bioinformatic approach will be used to aid in characterizing this new drug target for BrCa. Our patient cohort (1,049 female patients of Caucasian, African American, Latin American, and Asian/Pacific Island descent, age 35-82, diagnosed with ductal and lobular carcinoma ) will be obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). All patients within the cohort have verification of informed consent and IRB approval. Differential Expression Sequencing (DESeq) analysis will be performed to identify genes differentially expressed among primary tumor and matched normal, solid tissue groups. Weighted Gene Network Co-expression (WGCNA) analysis will be performed to identify modules of co-expressed which will be correlated to factors influencing BrCa prognosis, such as age at diagnosis, TNM staging, race, menopausal status, breast cancer subtype, and survival time. Finally, canonical pathway, upstream regulator, and gene interaction analysis will be performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Our findings suggest CXCR5, CXCL13, and associated genes driving tertiary lymphoid structure formation, is present in BrCa, may serve as a predictive factor, and a new therapeutic target. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The long-term goal of this study is to further characterize the molecular phenotype of BrCa in the context of CXCR5, CXCL13, and associated gene expression. We hypothesize the CXCR5-CXCL13 signaling axis contributes to the aggressive phenotype of BrCa. The objective of this study is to identify the molecules that contribute to the aggressive phenotype of BrCa in silico. METHODOLOGY Data Collection and Normalization The data used in this study will be obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Clinical and RNA-seq data, for a total of 1049 female patients of Caucasian, African American, Latin American, and Asian/Pacific Island descent, age 35-82, diagnosed with ductal and lobular breast cancer carcinomas will be obtained. All patients within the cohort have verification of informed consent and IRB approval. Detecting Low counts, Batch Effect Correction, and Removal of Outliers A minor limitation of RNA-Seq analysis is the presence of missing expression counts, which alters the distribution of the population. Due to this limitation, normalized counts for all 1,049 patients with 26,000 protein coding genes will be log2 transformed (expression value+1) to create a standard normal distribution. Genes possessing greater than 50% zero counts will be removed to prevent a skewed distribution and remaining genes will be filtered by a standard deviation of 1. We predict that between 5,000-8,000 protein coding genes will be analyzed for batch (center) effect. Using ComBat algorithm, batch effect correction will be applied to detect variance from a total of 52 sequencing centers that contributed to the TCGA BRCA dataset. ComBat, an Empirical Bayes method in the Bioconductor SVA package, will be used to remove all outliers. Detection of Differentially Expressed Genes among Primary Tumor and Matched Normal Samples using DESeq Differential Expression Sequencing (DESeq) is a free software package in R that detects genes that are differentially expressed between two groups. In this study, we will detect genes that are differentially expressed between 113 primary tumor and 113 matched normal samples. Normalized counts for approximately 26,000 genes will be used to determine differential expression. Identification of modules associated with different stages of breast cancer primary tumors using WGCNA Between 5,000 and 8,000 genes will be entered into Weighted Gene Co-Expression Analysis (WGCNA) software. WGCNA is a free software package in R that extracts information on single genes from large scale gene expression profiles, across all patient samples, and uses this information to construct gene network modules of co-expressed genes. These co-expressed genes will be built on a manual threshold power of 6. Modules containing co-expressed genes have the potential to be associated with specific clinical traits. Association is based on a scale of 0-1 with an alpha of 0.05. Network calculation will allow for the identification of a module(s) of genes highly co-expressed with Chemokine Receptor 5 (CXCR5) and Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) and strongly correlated with clinical traits, such as age at diagnosis, TNM staging, race, menopausal status, breast cancer subtype, and survival time. Functional Enrichment analysis of genes within each module using IPA Following WGCNA, a network module(s) will be identified for functional enrichment containing genes co-expressed with CXCR5 and CXCL13. Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA) will be used to elucidate the biological roles of genes inside modules of co-expressed genes. Often modules contain co-expressed genes that contain co-regulated genes, with similar biological functions. These modules of co-expressed genes regulate epigenetic features downstream of particular transcription factors. Genes with high connectivity will be pooled together and IPA will be used to perform an analysis that shows the canonical pathway of selected module hubs. Upstream Regulator Analysis using IPA The Upstream Regulator analysis feature in IPA will be used to identify the biological function of significantly associated gene co-expression module(s) to BrCa stage. Co-expressed genes in this module will most likely be regulated by the same or similar upstream regulators, including transcription factors. We will identify the upstream transcriptional regulators in each module with a p-value of overlap

Social Work For Children, Child Protection And Child...

The values of service users are very important within social work practice as it can massively impact on how a social worker is able to do their work. This essay is going to demonstrate child perspectives and why they are important. Throughout will discussed two very important points within social work for children, child protection and child participation. The essay will also discuss legislations that is important for children in relation to The Human Act 1998. Discussing child participation will help underpin ethical issues as well as social, economic and political context. I conclude that the assignment will show debate between the opinion of child participation and enable a better understanding of children perspectives and the importance to social work practice. ‘The term ‘service user’ has focused on only who currently receive services and support, either voluntary or involuntary’ (Warren, J, 2007). A service user can also be someone that has received a service or support in the past in relation to present. There isn’t a specific group it includes as it can range from mental health patients to children. However throughout this essay it will discuss children and their perspectives/values in relation to social work. The media portrays a bad perspective on social work by developing on child neglect and abuse. Within the media they manage to put a bad name to social workers ‘the ‘neglectful’ social workers’ (Cunningham and Cunningham, 2012). They are trying to convince theShow MoreRelatedChild Soldiers in Miliary Services1565 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"CHILD SOLDIERS† Guy Goodwin-Gill and Ilene Cohn, Child Soldiers, The Role of Children in Armed Conflicts, A Study on Behalf of the Henry Dunant Institute, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994, 228 pp. Reviewed by Styliani Antoniou ‘Child soldiers’ is an inside look at the widen existence of armed children who participate in hostilities. In this study, Professor Goodwin-Gill and Dr Cohn emphasize the ways in which international humanitarian law fails to provide effective protection, particularlyRead MoreChildrens Rights684 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction A child is a young person between the age brackets from birth to 19. Children have rights that govern them to protect them from any abuse whatsoever. They have the right to decent parental care, good health, education, and protection from drug abuse, protection from sexual harassment, right to quality medical care and services, right to good shelter and clothing. Children also have the right to participate in rightful decision making and safeguarding their social justices (Jones andRead MoreThe Treaty Of Waitangi : A Contract Between Maori And The Crown1037 Words   |  5 PagesTASK 2 The Treaty of Waitangi is a contract between Maori and the Crown which ensures them protection from Crown (Britain). In return, Maori handed over the ownership of land to the Crown. It came in to existence on 6th February 1840. The three main principles of Treaty of Waitangi include partnership, protection and participation. All these principles have great significance in nursing practice as well as nursing education. Since 1989, the Nursing Council of New Zealand has also given great significanceRead MoreDescribe Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Participation857 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences. The concept of diversity is to accept, respect and embrace our differences. When people with these differences unite and share the same group or organization we see a diverse environment. Working in a childcare setting, we have the potential to work with an abundance of diversity. This can be very rewarding but can also pose challenges. Positively, we have the opportunity to promote the sense of individuality, sense of pride and belonging by providing a safe and nurturing environment. DiscussingRead MoreGirls Protection1458 Words   |  6 PagesGirl-Child 1. End all forms of discrimination against the girl-child.STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: Every child has the right to enjoy their human rights and to special protective measures without discrimination, including protection from discrimination because of what her/his parents do or believe. ICCPR 24:1; CRC 2 ACTIONS: * Ratify and implement the Convention on the Rights of the Child. * Ensure that a child is registered immediately after birth, has the right from birth to a name, to acquire aRead MoreChild Welfare Committee / Juvenile Justice Board968 Words   |  4 Pagesï‚ § Magistrate should transfer person below 18 years to child Welfare Committee/ Juvenile Justice Board. ï‚ § Child rescued from the brothel should be considered as a child under need of care and protection. Some of the other organisation which focus on the prevention of trafficking among children and protection of the child victims are: ï‚ § SAARTHAK: working in Delhi focus on providing mental health resources and process for the victims after rescued. ï‚ § RESCUE FOUNDATION: working in Maharashtra and runsRead MoreSocial Workers: Influence of the Ecological Approach on Social Practice1302 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Social workers have a professional and ethical responsibility to (...) interact and intervene with clients and their environments (Teater, 2010, p.4). According to this premise, the ecological approach in social work interventions offers an effective method of relating children, young people and their families to their environment. It is an approach that allows social workers to intervene in cases where a child is abused or neglected, while providing a good theoretical framework forRead MoreThe Implementation Of A Universal Service System906 Words   |  4 PagesThe focus for action has been on the following key areas; the amendment of the Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 so only children and young people who are suspected, on reasonable grounds, to be at risk of significant harm should be reported to FACS. The implementation of a universal service system, e.g.:1. Universal parenting education erg: Triple P, for parents with children 3-8, universal home visits to every parent with a new baby.2 Strengthening Early Intervention andRead MoreThe Role Of A Father954 Words   |  4 Pagesthat he comes from. However, from culture to culture, the fundamental tasks that are required of manhood are basically the same, some of which we are going to look briefly in this paper. A father should always be there for his wife and children to provide the much needed love and support. Showering them with lots of cash does not necessarily indicate love and support. He should be ready to give them an ear, comfort them and spend quality time as well as quantity time with them. This isRead MoreThe Issue Of Criminal Activities1554 Words   |  7 Pagesas the emotional bond between a child and their primary caregiver, that when strong, can create feelings of security and protection for the child. Separation from this bond can sometimes cause distress and anxiety for both the child and caregiver. The first four years of anyone’s life are a critical period in which we form attachments to our primary caregivers, for most of us, this is usually our parents. It has been suggested that these early attachments and social bonds can shape our behaviours

Fast Food An Opportunity For Minors - 1318 Words

Fast-Food; an Opportunity for Minors While people like Amitai Etzioni disapprove of minors, especially high school students, working at fast-food restaurants, others would disagree with him. They would say that working would benefit minors, no matter the place. Working will give them a sense of responsibility, accomplishment, independence, and a glimpse of the â€Å"adult world.† Furthermore, it better prepares the young students for future careers and learn to maintain time management together with money management skills. Students could open a door to new as well as more opportunities pertaining to their futures. Working while still in high school is not always substandard for kids; even if it is at a place like McDonald’s because they learn skill sets that can be useful for the future as well as teamwork skills that can be used in a multitude of settings. Learning is an important process, especially for the young. Teenagers working while they are still in school shou lder many responsibilities, including learning. They must learn to balance their school life as well as their work life. Many are expected to maintain good grades, participate in school activities, engage in sports, then go to work and perform well. Some have to learn to prioritize either school or work. Through the process of prioritizing, they will have a better understanding of order of importance. Not only will this help with future careers, but also with planning steps for their overall future, such asShow MoreRelatedThe Career Path Of A Pediatrician1074 Words   |  5 Pageswhen action is necessary; to be able to do all this a critical thinking is well necessary. This job also has benefits such as health insurance, paid holidays, flexible work schedules; which sounds about perfect. Job reflection and Outlook Treating minors means dealing with guardians. Their is parents that make take position that you don’t think are in the child s best interest. Parents are sometimes persistent on the types of treatment they want, putting pediatricians in possible conflict with whatRead MorePpcl Thailand Case Study969 Words   |  4 Pagesthe market. Although brand awareness is lower than McDonalds and KFC, this is likely because Pizza Hut in Thailand is perceived to be a traditional family restaurant instead of a fast food restaurant. Considering 56% of sales currently come from delivery, it is unclear whether they should be positioned as fast food or fast casual. Should they push the delivery model, the dine-in model, or both? Analysis Recommendations Strategic Options Brand Positioning Moving from a franchise model to a traditionalRead MorePpcl Thailand Case Study979 Words   |  4 Pagesthe market. Although brand awareness is lower than McDonalds and KFC, this is likely because Pizza Hut in Thailand is perceived to be a traditional family restaurant instead of a fast food restaurant. Considering 56% of sales currently come from delivery, it is unclear whether they should be positioned as fast food or fast casual. Should they push the delivery model, the dine-in model, or both? Analysis Recommendations Strategic Options Brand Positioning Moving from a franchise model toRead MoreThe Disadvantages of Technology829 Words   |  4 Pagesdisadvantages of fast-food, automatic teller machines (ATM), and dishwashers. The convenience of fast-food comes along with many drawbacks in its wake. Firstly, fast-food has a detrimental effect on health. Being high in salt, fat, and calories, makes fast-food one of the greatest contributors to obesity in America. Obesity in turn, leads to cardiovascular illnesses, high blood pressure, and disease in joints. In fact, studies show that 13% of the population living in walking distance from a fast-food restaurantRead MoreCase 6 Burger King: Selling Whoppers in Japan1289 Words   |  6 Pagesof view regarding this case is that Burger King can also find a better growth opportunity in Japan by its new marketing strategy. II. Problem Statement: a. Burger king failed to effectively target the cost conscious consumer and instead promoted its premium burgers. b. Failure to communicate their brand value to their Japanese consumers. c. Lack of funds for their market expansion. d. Stiff competition in fast-food industries in Japan. III. Objectives: Burger King’s objective is to succeedRead MoreNothing723 Words   |  3 Pages | | |They have a large scale of operations. The sell a wide verity of |Wal-Mart has a few major weaknesses in addition with a few minor | |merchandise, from food to clothes and automotive supplies. They have a|weaknesses. 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Evaluates the Theories and Models

Question: Discuss about the Evaluates the Theories and Models. Answer: Introduction: The report mainly evolutes chapter 1 and 2 of the book Project Management: The management process. In addition, the novice effectively evaluates the overall theories and examples that are mentioned in the book. This evaluation could eventually help in understanding the overall organisational strategy, which is being used by companies. In addition, the study also evaluates the significance of an effective project selection process, which is being used by companies to make adequate investment decisions. Moreover, the novice effectively analyses the overall structure that could help organisation to make adequate decision with the help of modern project management. The overall chapter mainly helps in understanding the significance of modern project management system, which is being used by US Defence department, Hollywood, and other big consulting firms. In addition, the chapter also helps in evaluating the significance of Project Management Institute (PMI), which is used by project managers to enhance their knowledge and understanding. Furthermore, rise in membership from 93,000 to 434,000 mainly depicts the demand of project management system among potential organisations. Furthermore, chapter 1 also helps in depicting that the US government each year is spending around $2.5 trillion in new projects. In addition, chapter 1 also provides different examples that could be helpful in understanding the significance of project management, which could be used in schools, small shops and homeless youth centres. Moreover, companies to launch new services or products into new or existing market mainly use project management system. Furthermore, as stated by PMI, project is mainly a venture taken by individuals or organisations to develop or create a new product or services. On the other hand, other researchers mainly stated that project management mainly loses its friction if adequate individuals are not in charge in developing plans for the project. Furthermore, the chapter effectively helps in evaluating and understanding the major characteristics of a project, which are mainly considered by organisations. In addition, with adequate establishment of objectives organisations are able to define a specific beginning and end of the project. Moreover, identification of individuals, time, cost, and performance required also helps organisations to depict an adequate project plan to support their future endeavours. Figure 1: Showing the project life cycle and objectives (Source: Larson and Gray 2011) Chapter 1 effectively depicts the project life cycle shown in figure 1 and help in understating different stages of a project. In addition, the chapter also depicted different objectives that support various stages of the project life. These identified objectives mainly help in improving project viability and authenticity. Moreover, the chapter also helps in evaluating the significance and role of a project manager in completing the overall project in time. In addition, the chapter also helps in providing details about the current drivers of project management, which could be used by managers to improve quality of the project. Furthermore, the chapter also provides examples of different projects, which are being conducted by different companies all around the world. Moreover, the use of project management system on small projects could eventual help in maximising profitability of the organisations. In addition, chapter 1 also provides theories on project alignment with organisation strategy, to understand its significance and overall increase profitability of the company. Lastly, the overall chapter mainly depicted the critical skills that are mainly used by the project management in developing adequate plan and budget for a particular project. Chapter 2 mainly helps in portraying the organisational strategy and project selection process, which are used by companies to make adequate investment decisions. In addition, the chapter also helps in understanding the significance of strategy, which could help in improving profitability of the organisation. In addition, the significance of understanding the organisational strategy is essential for any project manager, while choosing adequate investment opportunity for the company. Moreover, the chapter also provides details about the strategic management process, which helps organisation to scan the external and internal environment affecting their business process. Figure 2: Showing the activities of strategic management process (Source: Larson and Gray 2011) In addition, the overall figure 2 mainly helps in depicting the activities of strategic management process, which helps organisations to reduce risk from their investments. In addition, the chapter effectively uses examples of HP and Watson to evaluate the significance of strategic management process implementation in an organisation. Figure 3: Showing the organisational problem (Source: Larson and Gray 2011) Moreover, chapter 2 also helps in providing details about Project Portfolio Management System, which could reduce organisational problems. In addition, the above organisational problems could eventually be reduced with help of adequate Project Portfolio Management System. Moreover, it could also help in choosing adequate projects and prioritize activities, which could increase profitability of the company. In addition, the chapter also help in depicting the overall uses of effective investment approval techniques, which could be used in choosing the best investment opportunity for the company. Moreover, the use of Net Present Value (NPV) and Payback period is effectively explained in the chapter with the help of adequate examples. The financial criteria for choosing adequate investment opportunity are mainly depicted as NPV and payback period. Whereas, non-financial criteria is mainly mentioned as checklist and multi- Weighted Scoring Models, which could be used in making adequate investment decisions. In addition, the overall theories and models mainly help in understanding the risks that encircles a project. Moreover, the chapter also helps in defining the overall project screening process, which mainly is used in selecting viable projects for the company. Conclusion: The overall report mainly helps in depicting the significance of organisational strategy and project management system that are currently being used by organisations. In addition, the study also helps in portraying the overall project life cycle that could help organisation to increase their profitability. Moreover, both the chapters mainly suggested the significance of adequate project management system, which could help in improving productivity of the company. In addition, the chapters also portrays the significance of NPV and Payback period, which might help organisation to chose viable projects that could improve their overall income. Reference: Garel, G., 2013. A history of project management models: From pre-models to the standard models.International Journal of Project Management,31(5), pp.663-669. Hwang, B.G. and Ng, W.J., 2013. Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.272-284. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C.F., 2011. Project management: The managerial process. Meredith, J.R. and Mantel Jr, S.J., 2011.Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Salerno, M.S., de Vasconcelos Gomes, L.A., da Silva, D.O., Bagno, R.B. and Freitas, S.L.T.U., 2015. Innovation processes: Which process for which project?.Technovation,35, pp.59-70. Serra, C.E.M. and Kunc, M., 2015. Benefits Realisation Management and its influence on project success and on the execution of business strategies.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), pp.53-66. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.